Audio Specifications and Standards

Revision as of 10:37, 9 March 2011

masters: .wav/WAVE at 24-bit/44.1khz
- note: IASA TC-04 calls for a minimum sampling rate of 48kHz (preferably 96kHz). We will discontinue use of 44.1kHz sampling rates pending confirmation of appropriate storage space as 24/48 vs 24/44.1 should yield only an 8% increase in space requirements. Projects already underway at the 24/44.1 spec will maintain that specification. - arora, 062910. Update: given remaining storage concerns, we will continue with 24/44.1. - arora, 030911.
- typically, 2s of silence is left or created at the beginning of each .wav, with 1s at the end.
- RMS levels are typically set fairly low, to -25db

  For information on derivatives, see For_Creating_Derivatives

Associated Hardware/Software

see Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)

Resources and Links:

Digitization and Preservation Standards
- TAPE (Training for Audiovisual Preservation in Europe). European Commission on Preservation and Access.
- Capturing Analog Sound for Digital Preservation: Report of a Roundtable Discussion of Best Practices for Tranferring Analog Discs and Tapes. (2006) Council on Library and Information Resources and Library of Congress.
- Sound Directions - project website, maintained by Indiana University Digital Library Program.
  - Sound Directions: Best Practices for Audio Preservation. (2007) Casey, Mike & Bruce Gordon.
- Grammy foundation® Basic Methodology for Preservation, Conversion and Archiving Recorded Media. (revised 2008) Grammy Foundation, Santa Monica, CA.

File Formats - from LOC Digital Preservation/Digital Formats site
- Wave
  see also Waveform Audio Reference - from Microsoft website
- Broadcast Wave
- FLAC (Free Losless Audio Codec)
- MP3 Audio Encoding

Audio Decision List
- (ADL)/AES31-3
  - The AES31 Standard (2001) De Lancie, Philip.
  - AES31--Eliminating the File Exchange Conundrum (2001) Lambert, Mel.
- Open Media Framework Interchange format (OMFI)
- Advanced Authoring Format (AAF)
- SimpleADL
  - SimpleADL
- Other
  - AA Translator

Tools
- Metadata Touch
- BWF MetaEdit

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 ====Default File/Output Settings====
 * <u>masters</u>: .wav/WAVE at 24-bit/44.1khz
-**''note: [http://www.iasa-web.org/special_publications.asp IASA TC-04] calls for a minimum sampling rate of 48kHz (preferably 96kHz) [http://www.jazzpoparkisto.net/audio/audio32.html]. We will discontinue use of 44.1kHz sampling rates pending confirmation of appropriate storage space as 24/48 vs 24/44.1 should yield only an 8% increase in space requirements.''- arora, 051309
+**''note: [http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles IASA TC-04] calls for a minimum sampling rate of 48kHz (preferably 96kHz). We will discontinue use of 44.1kHz sampling rates pending confirmation of appropriate storage space as 24/48 vs 24/44.1 should yield only an 8% increase in space requirements. Projects already underway at the 24/44.1 spec will maintain that specification.'' - arora, 062910. ''Update: given remaining storage concerns, we will continue with 24/44.1.'' - arora, 030911.
-**''note: Our current audio suite [[Sound Forge (Sony) | Sound Forge]] does not support export/save of the preferred BWF, Broadcast Wave format (.wav). - arora, 051309
 **typically, 2s of silence is left or created at the beginning of each .wav, with 1s at the end.
 **RMS levels are typically set fairly low, to -25db
-* <u>deliverables</u>: .rm/RealAudio v. 8 at 16-bit/44.1kHz, 105 kbps (stereo)
-** in the near future, our workflow will allow for some enhancement of the Real Audio files (dynamic range compression, higher RMS levels) in order for delivery of pragmatic derivatives; with the preservation .wav file unaffected by such enhancements.
-====Associated Hardware====
+   For information on derivatives, see [[For_Creating_Derivatives]]
+====Associated Hardware/Software====
 *see [[Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)]]
@@ Line 32: / Line 31: @@
 *File Formats - from LOC Digital Preservation/Digital Formats site
 **[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000001.shtml Wave]
+**:see also [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms713504(VS.85).aspx Waveform Audio Reference] - from Microsoft website
 **[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000003.shtml Broadcast Wave]
 **[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000198.shtml FLAC (Free Losless Audio Codec)]
-**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000051.shtml RealAudio v. 10]
+**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000012.shtml MP3 Audio Encoding]
+*Audio Decision List
+**(ADL)/AES31-3
+***[http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_aeseliminating_file_exchange/ The AES31 Standard] (2001) De Lancie, Philip.
+***[http://digitalcontentproducer.com/mag/video_aes_standard/ AES31--Eliminating the File Exchange Conundrum] (2001) Lambert, Mel.
+** [http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/Multimedia/node296.html Open Media Framework Interchange] format (OMFI)
+** [http://aaf.sourceforge.net/ Advanced Authoring Format] (AAF)
+**SimpleADL
+*** [http://blog.humaneguitarist.org/projects/audioregent/#SimpleADL SimpleADL]
+**Other
+*** [http://www.aatranslator.com.au/ AA Translator]
-*Audio Decision List (ADL)/AES31-3
+*Tools
-**[http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_aeseliminating_file_exchange/ The AES31 Standard] (2001) De Lancie, Philip.
+**[http://www.digitalconfidence.com/MetadataTouch.html Metadata Touch]
-**[http://digitalcontentproducer.com/mag/video_aes_standard/ AES31--Eliminating the File Exchange Conundrum] (2001) Lambert, Mel.
+**[http://bwfmetaedit.sourceforge.net/ BWF MetaEdit]
-**see also: [http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/Multimedia/node296.html/ Open Media Framework Interchange] format

Audio Specifications and Standards

Revision as of 10:37, 9 March 2011

Contents

Introduction:

Technical Information:

Default File/Output Settings

Associated Hardware/Software

Resources and Links:

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