Audio Specifications and Standards
From UA Libraries Digital Services Planning and Documentation
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====Default File/Output Settings==== | ====Default File/Output Settings==== | ||
* <u>masters</u>: .wav/WAVE at 24-bit/44.1khz | * <u>masters</u>: .wav/WAVE at 24-bit/44.1khz | ||
| - | **''note: [http://www.iasa-web.org/ | + | **''note: [http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles IASA TC-04] calls for a minimum sampling rate of 48kHz (preferably 96kHz). We will discontinue use of 44.1kHz sampling rates pending confirmation of appropriate storage space as 24/48 vs 24/44.1 should yield only an 8% increase in space requirements. Projects already underway at the 24/44.1 spec will maintain that specification.'' - arora, 062910. ''Update: given remaining storage concerns, we will continue with 24/44.1.'' - arora, 030911. |
| - | + | ||
**typically, 2s of silence is left or created at the beginning of each .wav, with 1s at the end. | **typically, 2s of silence is left or created at the beginning of each .wav, with 1s at the end. | ||
**RMS levels are typically set fairly low, to -25db | **RMS levels are typically set fairly low, to -25db | ||
| - | * <u>deliverables</u>: .rm/RealAudio v. 8 at 16-bit/44.1kHz, 105 kbps (stereo) | ||
| - | ** in the near future, our workflow will allow for some enhancement of the Real Audio files (dynamic range compression, higher RMS levels) in order for delivery of pragmatic derivatives; with the preservation .wav file unaffected by such enhancements. | ||
| - | ====Associated Hardware==== | + | For information on derivatives, see [[For_Creating_Derivatives]] |
| + | |||
| + | ====Associated Hardware/Software==== | ||
*see [[Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)]] | *see [[Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)]] | ||
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*File Formats - from LOC Digital Preservation/Digital Formats site | *File Formats - from LOC Digital Preservation/Digital Formats site | ||
**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000001.shtml Wave] | **[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000001.shtml Wave] | ||
| + | **:see also [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms713504(VS.85).aspx Waveform Audio Reference] - from Microsoft website | ||
**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000003.shtml Broadcast Wave] | **[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000003.shtml Broadcast Wave] | ||
**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000198.shtml FLAC (Free Losless Audio Codec)] | **[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000198.shtml FLAC (Free Losless Audio Codec)] | ||
| - | **[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/ | + | **[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000012.shtml MP3 Audio Encoding] |
| + | |||
| + | *Audio Decision List | ||
| + | **(ADL)/AES31-3 | ||
| + | ***[http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_aeseliminating_file_exchange/ The AES31 Standard] (2001) De Lancie, Philip. | ||
| + | ***[http://digitalcontentproducer.com/mag/video_aes_standard/ AES31--Eliminating the File Exchange Conundrum] (2001) Lambert, Mel. | ||
| + | ** [http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/Multimedia/node296.html Open Media Framework Interchange] format (OMFI) | ||
| + | ** [http://aaf.sourceforge.net/ Advanced Authoring Format] (AAF) | ||
| + | **SimpleADL | ||
| + | *** [http://blog.humaneguitarist.org/projects/audioregent/#SimpleADL SimpleADL] | ||
| + | **Other | ||
| + | *** [http://www.aatranslator.com.au/ AA Translator] | ||
| - | * | + | *Tools |
| - | **[http:// | + | **[http://www.digitalconfidence.com/MetadataTouch.html Metadata Touch] |
| - | + | **[http://bwfmetaedit.sourceforge.net/ BWF MetaEdit] | |
| - | ** | + | |
Current revision
Contents |
Introduction:
The following provides a brief overview of our standard audio specifications.
Technical Information:
Default File/Output Settings
- masters: .wav/WAVE at 24-bit/44.1khz
- note: IASA TC-04 calls for a minimum sampling rate of 48kHz (preferably 96kHz). We will discontinue use of 44.1kHz sampling rates pending confirmation of appropriate storage space as 24/48 vs 24/44.1 should yield only an 8% increase in space requirements. Projects already underway at the 24/44.1 spec will maintain that specification. - arora, 062910. Update: given remaining storage concerns, we will continue with 24/44.1. - arora, 030911.
- typically, 2s of silence is left or created at the beginning of each .wav, with 1s at the end.
- RMS levels are typically set fairly low, to -25db
For information on derivatives, see For_Creating_Derivatives
Associated Hardware/Software
Resources and Links:
- Digitization and Preservation Standards
- TAPE (Training for Audiovisual Preservation in Europe). European Commission on Preservation and Access.
- Capturing Analog Sound for Digital Preservation: Report of a Roundtable Discussion of Best Practices for Tranferring Analog Discs and Tapes. (2006) Council on Library and Information Resources and Library of Congress.
- Sound Directions - project website, maintained by Indiana University Digital Library Program.
- Sound Directions: Best Practices for Audio Preservation. (2007) Casey, Mike & Bruce Gordon.
- Grammy foundation® Basic Methodology for Preservation, Conversion and Archiving Recorded Media. (revised 2008) Grammy Foundation, Santa Monica, CA.
- File Formats - from LOC Digital Preservation/Digital Formats site
- Wave
- see also Waveform Audio Reference - from Microsoft website
- Broadcast Wave
- FLAC (Free Losless Audio Codec)
- MP3 Audio Encoding
- Wave
- Audio Decision List
- (ADL)/AES31-3
- The AES31 Standard (2001) De Lancie, Philip.
- AES31--Eliminating the File Exchange Conundrum (2001) Lambert, Mel.
- Open Media Framework Interchange format (OMFI)
- Advanced Authoring Format (AAF)
- SimpleADL
- Other
- (ADL)/AES31-3
- Tools
