Audio Specifications and Standards

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==Sound Forge 9.0 (Sony):==
 
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===Introduction:===
===Introduction:===
The following provides a brief overview of our standard audio specifications.
The following provides a brief overview of our standard audio specifications.
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====Default File/Output Settings====
====Default File/Output Settings====
* <u>masters</u>: .wav/WAVE at 24-bit/44.1khz
* <u>masters</u>: .wav/WAVE at 24-bit/44.1khz
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**''note: [http://www.iasa-web.org/special_publications.asp IASA TC-04] calls for a minimum sampling rate of 48kHz (preferably 96kHz) [http://www.jazzpoparkisto.net/audio/audio32.html]. We will discontinue use of 44.1kHz sampling rates pending confirmation of appropriate storage space as 24/48 vs 24/44.1 should yield only an 8% increase in space requirements.''- arora, 051309
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**''note: [http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/key-digital-principles IASA TC-04] calls for a minimum sampling rate of 48kHz (preferably 96kHz). We will discontinue use of 44.1kHz sampling rates pending confirmation of appropriate storage space as 24/48 vs 24/44.1 should yield only an 8% increase in space requirements. Projects already underway at the 24/44.1 spec will maintain that specification.'' - arora, 062910. ''Update: given remaining storage concerns, we will continue with 24/44.1.'' - arora, 030911.
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**''note: Our current audio suite [[Sound Forge (Sony) | Sound Forge]] does not support export/save of the preferred BWF, Broadcast Wave format. - arora, 051309
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**typically, 2s of silence is left or created at the beginning of each .wav, with 1s at the end.
**typically, 2s of silence is left or created at the beginning of each .wav, with 1s at the end.
**RMS levels are typically set fairly low, to -25db
**RMS levels are typically set fairly low, to -25db
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* <u>deliverables</u>: .rm/Real Audio 8 at 16-bit/44.1kHz, 105 kbps (stereo)
 
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** in the near future, our workflow will allow for some enhancement of the Real Audio files (dynamic range compression, higher RMS levels) in order for delivery of pragmatic derivatives; with the preservation .wav file unaffected by such enhancements.
 
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====Associated Hardware====
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For information on derivatives, see [[For_Creating_Derivatives]]
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====Associated Hardware/Software====
*see [[Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)]]
*see [[Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)]]
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===Resources and Links:===
===Resources and Links:===
*Digitization and Preservation Standards
*Digitization and Preservation Standards
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**[http://www.tape-online.net/ TAPE (Training for Audiovisual Preservation in Europe)]. European Commission on Preservation and Access, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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**[http://www.tape-online.net/ TAPE (Training for Audiovisual Preservation in Europe)]. European Commission on Preservation and Access.
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**[http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub137/pub137.pdf Capturing Analog Sound for Digital Preservation: Report of a Roundtable Discussion of Best Practices for Tranferring Analog Discs and Tapes]. (2006) Council on Library and Information Resources and Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
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**[http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub137/pub137.pdf Capturing Analog Sound for Digital Preservation: Report of a Roundtable Discussion of Best Practices for Tranferring Analog Discs and Tapes]. (2006) Council on Library and Information Resources and Library of Congress.
**[http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirections/papersPresent/ Sound Directions] - project website, maintained by Indiana University Digital Library Program.
**[http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirections/papersPresent/ Sound Directions] - project website, maintained by Indiana University Digital Library Program.
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***[http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirections/papersPresent/sd_bp_07.pdf Sound Directions: Best Practices for Audio Preservation]. (2007) Casey, Mike & Bruce Gordon. Bloomington, IN/Cambridge, MA.
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***[http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/sounddirections/papersPresent/sd_bp_07.pdf Sound Directions: Best Practices for Audio Preservation]. (2007) Casey, Mike & Bruce Gordon.
**[http://www.grammy.com/PDFs/GRAMMY_Foundation/Methodology_2009_Final.pdf Grammy foundation® Basic Methodology for Preservation, Conversion and Archiving Recorded Media]. (revised 2008) Grammy Foundation, Santa Monica, CA.
**[http://www.grammy.com/PDFs/GRAMMY_Foundation/Methodology_2009_Final.pdf Grammy foundation® Basic Methodology for Preservation, Conversion and Archiving Recorded Media]. (revised 2008) Grammy Foundation, Santa Monica, CA.
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*File Formats
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*File Formats - from LOC Digital Preservation/Digital Formats site
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**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000001.shtml]
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**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000001.shtml Wave]
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**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000003.shtml]
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**:see also [http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms713504(VS.85).aspx Waveform Audio Reference] - from Microsoft website
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**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000003.shtml Broadcast Wave]
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**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000198.shtml FLAC (Free Losless Audio Codec)]
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**[http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/fdd/fdd000012.shtml MP3 Audio Encoding]
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*Audio Decision List
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**(ADL)/AES31-3
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***[http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_aeseliminating_file_exchange/ The AES31 Standard] (2001) De Lancie, Philip.
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***[http://digitalcontentproducer.com/mag/video_aes_standard/ AES31--Eliminating the File Exchange Conundrum] (2001) Lambert, Mel.
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** [http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/Multimedia/node296.html Open Media Framework Interchange] format (OMFI)
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** [http://aaf.sourceforge.net/ Advanced Authoring Format] (AAF)
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**SimpleADL
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*** [http://blog.humaneguitarist.org/projects/audioregent/#SimpleADL SimpleADL]
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**Other
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*** [http://www.aatranslator.com.au/ AA Translator]
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*Audio Decision Lists (ADL)
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*Tools
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**[http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_aeseliminating_file_exchange/]
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**[http://www.digitalconfidence.com/MetadataTouch.html Metadata Touch]
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**[http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_aeseliminating_file_exchange/]
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**[http://bwfmetaedit.sourceforge.net/ BWF MetaEdit]

Current revision

Contents

Introduction:

The following provides a brief overview of our standard audio specifications.


Technical Information:

Default File/Output Settings

  • masters: .wav/WAVE at 24-bit/44.1khz
    • note: IASA TC-04 calls for a minimum sampling rate of 48kHz (preferably 96kHz). We will discontinue use of 44.1kHz sampling rates pending confirmation of appropriate storage space as 24/48 vs 24/44.1 should yield only an 8% increase in space requirements. Projects already underway at the 24/44.1 spec will maintain that specification. - arora, 062910. Update: given remaining storage concerns, we will continue with 24/44.1. - arora, 030911.
    • typically, 2s of silence is left or created at the beginning of each .wav, with 1s at the end.
    • RMS levels are typically set fairly low, to -25db 
  For information on derivatives, see For_Creating_Derivatives

Associated Hardware/Software

Resources and Links:

Retrieved from "http://www.lib.ua.edu/wiki/digcoll/index.php/Audio_Specifications_and_Standards"
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